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| 6 | 0.1334 | 13061872 | WP_Hook->do_action( $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = 'name=koens-forsvinden-landbrug-og-liv-i-smks-landskabsmalerier&print=pdf'; public $request = 'koens-forsvinden-landbrug-og-liv-i-smks-landskabsmalerier'; public $matched_rule = '([^/]+)(?:/([0-9]+))?/?$'; public $matched_query = 'name=koens-forsvinden-landbrug-og-liv-i-smks-landskabsmalerier&page='; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ) | .../plugin.php:565 |
| 7 | 0.1334 | 13061872 | WP_Hook->apply_filters( $value = '', $args = [0 => class WP { public $public_query_vars = [...]; public $private_query_vars = [...]; public $extra_query_vars = [...]; public $query_vars = [...]; public $query_string = 'name=koens-forsvinden-landbrug-og-liv-i-smks-landskabsmalerier&print=pdf'; public $request = 'koens-forsvinden-landbrug-og-liv-i-smks-landskabsmalerier'; public $matched_rule = '([^/]+)(?:/([0-9]+))?/?$'; public $matched_query = 'name=koens-forsvinden-landbrug-og-liv-i-smks-landskabsmalerier&page='; public $did_permalink = TRUE }] ) | .../class-wp-hook.php:348 |
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| 9 | 0.3598 | 14430416 | Mpdf\Mpdf->WriteHTML( $html = '<html>\n\t\t\t<head><html>\n\t\t\t<head><style type="text/css">@charset "UTF-8";/*!\n Theme Name: Perspective Theme\n Description: Perspective\n Author: KOAL\n Author URI: https://koal.dk/\n Version: 1.0.0\n Text Domain: perspective-theme\n*/@import url(https://p.typekit.net/p.css?s=1&k=zlb1szl&ht=tk&f=2009.2010.2011.2012.6812.6813.6814.6817&a=84439103&app=typekit&e=css);@font-face{src:url(https://use.typekit.net/af/e3ca36/00000000000000000000e805/27/l?primer=7cdcb44be4a7d', $mode = ???, $init = ???, $close = ??? ) | .../pdf-print.php:1352 |
| 10 | 0.9154 | 16321264 | Mpdf\Tag->OpenTag( $tag = 'IMG', $attr = ['ORIG_SRC' => 'https://www.perspectivejournal.dk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Vignet-fra-landmandshaandbogen.png', 'CLASS' => 'WP-IMAGE-5261 SIZE-FULL', 'SRC' => 'https://www.perspectivejournal.dk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Vignet-fra-landmandshaandbogen.png', 'ALT' => '', 'WIDTH' => '1451', 'HEIGHT' => '562'], $ahtml = [0 => '', 1 => 'div id="content"', 2 => '', 3 => 'div class="post"', 4 => '', 5 => 'img src="https://www.perspectivejournal.dk/wp-content/themes/perspective/assets/images/logo.png" style="margin:2px;"', 6 => '', 7 => 'div class="entry-header"', 8 => '', 9 => 'h2 class="entry-title" style="font-size: 2em;"', 10 => '', 11 => 'a href="https://www.perspectivejournal.dk/en/koens-forsvinden-landbrug-og-liv-i-smks-landskabsmalerier/"', 12 => 'Cows Looking Back ', 13 => 'br /', 14 => 'Agriculture and Life in 19th Century Landscape Paintings', 15 => '/a', 16 => '', 17 => '/h2', 18 => '', 19 => '/div', 20 => '', 21 => 'p', 22 => 'In a time of climate and biodiversity crises, where our relationship with our surroundings needs to be reassessed, landscape painting can help us revisit our history with the landscape. The article views the landscape as living and created by multiple species together by examining Danish landscape painting from 1880 to 1900 from the cow’s perspective.', 23 => '/p', 24 => ' ', 25 => 'div class="postmetadata"', 26 => '', 27 => '/div', 28 => '', 29 => 'div class="entry-content"', 30 => '', 31 => 'h2', 32 => 'Summary', 33 => '/h2', 34 => '', 35 => 'hr /', 36 => '', 37 => 'p', 38 => 'Narratives of growth and yield are pervasive when the history of Danish agriculture is written, and works of art are often used to illustrate the story. But what kind of world can art open up for us when it is not only seen to be illustrating a development, but looks back at us through the eyes of the cows? What story do the artists let the cows tell? This article looks at works purchased for SMK – National Gallery of Denmark in the period 1880 to 1900, a time when the industrialisation of Danish agricult', 39 => '/p', 40 => ' ', 41 => 'pagebreak /', 42 => '', 43 => 'h2', 44 => 'Articles', 45 => '/h2', 46 => '', 47 => 'hr /', 48 => '', 49 => 'p', 50 => 'The cow is one of our oldest allies in the landscape.', 51 => 'sup id="footnote-1" class="custom-footnotes-footnote" data-sup-reference="1" data-footnote-post-scope="post_5277" data-sup-value="This article is part of my research project ‘Landbrug og landskab – SMK’s landskabsmalerier i et klimakritisk nu’ (Agriculture and Landscape – SMK’s Landscape Paintings in a Climate-Critical Present), which is supported by the New Carlsberg Foundation. In addition to being a project researcher at SMK, I am a regenerative farmer at the Holmager farm."', 52 => '', 53 => 'a href="javascript:void(0)" role="button" aria-pressed="false" aria-describedby="footnote-content-post_5277"', 54 => '1', 55 => '/a', 56 => '', 57 => '/sup', 58 => ' It has followed us across great distances and we have lived alongside it in a close mutual relationship, tending to it as herders while it in i has given us its milk, its meat, its labour and its manure. In Denmark, cattle have very much shaped the landscape. For centuries, they have ensured that the grasslands did not become forests, and the monocultures that have increasingly spread across the Danish landscape largely serve to provide fodder for livestock. Without cattle, the landscape would have looked ', 59 => '/p', 60 => ' ', 61 => 'p', 62 => 'Cattle have played an important role in landscape painting through the years, and this is also true for the two decades from 1880 to 1900, a time described as the point when intensive agriculture with large livestock holdings, imported fodder and intensive crop farming had its major breakthrough in Denmark.', 63 => 'sup id="footnote-2" class="custom-footnotes-footnote" data-sup-reference="2" data-footnote-post-scope="post_5277" data-sup-value="Jørgen Dieckmann Rasmussen et al.: ‘1860–1914’, in Claus Bjørn et al. (eds.): emDet Danske Landbrugs Historie/em, Landbohistorisk Selskab 1988, volume III, pp. 260, 265, 277"', 64 => '', 65 => 'a href="javascript:void(0)" role="button" aria-pressed="false" aria-describedby="footnote-content-post_5277"', 66 => '2', 67 => '/a', 68 => '', 69 => '/sup', 70 => ' In several respects, the type of agriculture we see in Denmark today represents a further development of this approach.', 71 => 'sup id="footnote-3" class="custom-footnotes-footnote" data-sup-reference="3" data-footnote-post-scope="post_5277" data-sup-value="Signe Brieghel et al.: ‘Nye køer på gammelt græs. Foder, stofskifte og planetære grænser i dansk malkekvægbrug’ in emKulturstudier, /emno. 2, 2022, pp. 94-95"', 72 => '', 73 => 'a href="javascript:void(0)" role="button" aria-pressed="false" aria-describedby="footnote-content-post_5277"', 74 => '3', 75 => '/a', 76 => '', 77 => '/sup', 78 => ' Turning to the realm of art museums, landscape paintings from this period can shed light on that development and how it is connected to our experience of the world. However, this requires us to see landscape painting in a new way. Thus far, discussions of agricultural subject matter from the period have tended to focus on humankind’s struggle for existence or on stylistic developments impelled by influence from abroad, especially France.', 79 => 'sup id="footnote-4" class="custom-footnotes-footnote" data-sup-reference="4" data-footnote-post-scope="post_5277" data-sup-value="The landscape paintings from 1880–1900 have been seen in this way for many years, and among the many landscape painters who worked in the period, the ones who shared this focus have been favoured in collection hangs and special exhibitions. Prominent examples include L.A Ring and Theodor Philipsen. A count of SMK’s collection display in October 2023 shows that forty-seven pai', 80 => '', 81 => 'a href="javascript:void(0)" role="button" aria-pressed="false" aria-describedby="footnote-content-post_5277"', 82 => '4', 83 => '/a', 84 => '', 85 => '/sup', 86 => '', 87 => '/p', 88 => ' ', 89 => 'p', 90 => 'The works acquired for SMK during that period display far greater breadth than that, however. These depictions of cattle can give us an important indication of the changes in our outlook on the world; changes that took place when the development of industrialised agriculture gained momentum. The works offer an opportunity to explore what was at stake at a time when a specialised and professionalised approach to agriculture greatly changed our relationship to our surroundings and thus to the landscape. The a', 91 => '/p', 92 => ' ', 93 => 'p', 94 => 'In a time of climate and biodiversity crises when very few of us actively cultivate the land or interact with domestic animals, the question of how we meet this part of our history in museums matters. Inspired by the way in which Maria Puig de la Bellacasa, professor at the History of Consciousness Department at ', 95 => 'a href="https://humanities.ucsc.edu/academics/faculty/index.php?uid=mpuigdel"', 96 => 'UC Santa Cruz', 97 => '/a', 98 => ', engages with the notion of our environment as a multispecies community, I use cattle to pave the way for a new understanding of landscape painting, one which can reflect back on our understanding of the times in which we live.', 99 => '/p', 100 => ' ', 101 => 'p', 102 => 'At present, the UN, acting via The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), urges us to change the way we farm.', 103 => 'sup id="footnote-5" class="custom-footnotes-footnote" data-sup-reference="5" data-footnote-post-scope="post_5277" data-sup-value="The 2019 IPCC report emClimate Change and Land /emexamines the relationship between land use and anthropogenic climate change and points to how an estimated 23% of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions originate from agriculture, forestry and other land use (A.3.6). Conservation agriculture and other sustainable land management with its minimal tillage are highlighted as p', 104 => '', 105 => 'a href="javascript:void(0)" role="button" aria-pressed="false" aria-describedby="footnote-content-post_5277"', 106 => '5', 107 => '/a', 108 => '', 109 => '/sup', 110 => ' As regards Danish agriculture, the warnings particularly concern the problematic aspects of our large number of domestic animals and the extensive areas used for growing animal feed in the form of monocultures, an issue also pointed out by organisations such as The Danish Society for Nature Conservation.', 111 => 'sup id="footnote-6" class="custom-footnotes-footnote" data-sup-reference="6" data-footnote-post-scope="post_5277" data-sup-value="Rikke Lundsgaard et al.: emSådan ligger landet 2022. Tal om landbruget/em, Danmarks Naturfredningsforening and Dyrenes Beskyttelse 2022 (a href=https://www.dn.dk/om-os/publikationer/sadan-ligger-landet/ target=_blank rel=noopenerhttps://www.dn.dk/om-os/publikationer/sadan-ligger-landet//a)"', 112 => '', 113 => 'a href="javascript:void(0)" role="button" aria-pressed="false" aria-describedby="footnote-content-post_5277"', 114 => '6', 115 => '/a', 116 => '', 117 => '/sup', 118 => ' The Danish agricultural landscape has become political. This makes it all the more interesting to examine the role played by art in the period 1880 to 1900. 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Here it is impossible to distinguish between man and nature and between the living a', 127 => 'sup id="footnote-7" class="custom-footnotes-footnote" data-sup-reference="7" data-footnote-post-scope="post_5277" data-sup-value="Maria Puig de la Bellacasa: emMatters of Care: Speculative Ethics in More than Human Worlds/em, University of Minnesota Press 2017, pp. 1–2, 69–70. Michael Marder and Giovanni Aloi, writing in the introduction to emVegetal Entwinements in Philosophy and Art. A /ememReader,/em MIT Press 2023, present one of the most recent succinct outlines of the field."', ...], $ihtml = 351 ) | .../Mpdf.php:13756 |
| 11 | 0.9154 | 16321488 | Mpdf\Tag\Img->open( $attr = ['ORIG_SRC' => 'https://www.perspectivejournal.dk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Vignet-fra-landmandshaandbogen.png', 'CLASS' => 'WP-IMAGE-5261 SIZE-FULL', 'SRC' => 'https://www.perspectivejournal.dk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Vignet-fra-landmandshaandbogen.png', 'ALT' => '', 'WIDTH' => '1451', 'HEIGHT' => '562'], $ahtml = [0 => '', 1 => 'div id="content"', 2 => '', 3 => 'div class="post"', 4 => '', 5 => 'img src="https://www.perspectivejournal.dk/wp-content/themes/perspective/assets/images/logo.png" style="margin:2px;"', 6 => '', 7 => 'div class="entry-header"', 8 => '', 9 => 'h2 class="entry-title" style="font-size: 2em;"', 10 => '', 11 => 'a href="https://www.perspectivejournal.dk/en/koens-forsvinden-landbrug-og-liv-i-smks-landskabsmalerier/"', 12 => 'Cows Looking Back ', 13 => 'br /', 14 => 'Agriculture and Life in 19th Century Landscape Paintings', 15 => '/a', 16 => '', 17 => '/h2', 18 => '', 19 => '/div', 20 => '', 21 => 'p', 22 => 'In a time of climate and biodiversity crises, where our relationship with our surroundings needs to be reassessed, landscape painting can help us revisit our history with the landscape. 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This article looks at works purchased for SMK – National Gallery of Denmark in the period 1880 to 1900, a time when the industrialisation of Danish agricult', 39 => '/p', 40 => ' ', 41 => 'pagebreak /', 42 => '', 43 => 'h2', 44 => 'Articles', 45 => '/h2', 46 => '', 47 => 'hr /', 48 => '', 49 => 'p', 50 => 'The cow is one of our oldest allies in the landscape.', 51 => 'sup id="footnote-1" class="custom-footnotes-footnote" data-sup-reference="1" data-footnote-post-scope="post_5277" data-sup-value="This article is part of my research project ‘Landbrug og landskab – SMK’s landskabsmalerier i et klimakritisk nu’ (Agriculture and Landscape – SMK’s Landscape Paintings in a Climate-Critical Present), which is supported by the New Carlsberg Foundation. In addition to being a project researcher at SMK, I am a regenerative farmer at the Holmager farm."', 52 => '', 53 => 'a href="javascript:void(0)" role="button" aria-pressed="false" aria-describedby="footnote-content-post_5277"', 54 => '1', 55 => '/a', 56 => '', 57 => '/sup', 58 => ' It has followed us across great distances and we have lived alongside it in a close mutual relationship, tending to it as herders while it in i has given us its milk, its meat, its labour and its manure. In Denmark, cattle have very much shaped the landscape. For centuries, they have ensured that the grasslands did not become forests, and the monocultures that have increasingly spread across the Danish landscape largely serve to provide fodder for livestock. Without cattle, the landscape would have looked ', 59 => '/p', 60 => ' ', 61 => 'p', 62 => 'Cattle have played an important role in landscape painting through the years, and this is also true for the two decades from 1880 to 1900, a time described as the point when intensive agriculture with large livestock holdings, imported fodder and intensive crop farming had its major breakthrough in Denmark.', 63 => 'sup id="footnote-2" class="custom-footnotes-footnote" data-sup-reference="2" data-footnote-post-scope="post_5277" data-sup-value="Jørgen Dieckmann Rasmussen et al.: ‘1860–1914’, in Claus Bjørn et al. (eds.): emDet Danske Landbrugs Historie/em, Landbohistorisk Selskab 1988, volume III, pp. 260, 265, 277"', 64 => '', 65 => 'a href="javascript:void(0)" role="button" aria-pressed="false" aria-describedby="footnote-content-post_5277"', 66 => '2', 67 => '/a', 68 => '', 69 => '/sup', 70 => ' In several respects, the type of agriculture we see in Denmark today represents a further development of this approach.', 71 => 'sup id="footnote-3" class="custom-footnotes-footnote" data-sup-reference="3" data-footnote-post-scope="post_5277" data-sup-value="Signe Brieghel et al.: ‘Nye køer på gammelt græs. Foder, stofskifte og planetære grænser i dansk malkekvægbrug’ in emKulturstudier, /emno. 2, 2022, pp. 94-95"', 72 => '', 73 => 'a href="javascript:void(0)" role="button" aria-pressed="false" aria-describedby="footnote-content-post_5277"', 74 => '3', 75 => '/a', 76 => '', 77 => '/sup', 78 => ' Turning to the realm of art museums, landscape paintings from this period can shed light on that development and how it is connected to our experience of the world. However, this requires us to see landscape painting in a new way. Thus far, discussions of agricultural subject matter from the period have tended to focus on humankind’s struggle for existence or on stylistic developments impelled by influence from abroad, especially France.', 79 => 'sup id="footnote-4" class="custom-footnotes-footnote" data-sup-reference="4" data-footnote-post-scope="post_5277" data-sup-value="The landscape paintings from 1880–1900 have been seen in this way for many years, and among the many landscape painters who worked in the period, the ones who shared this focus have been favoured in collection hangs and special exhibitions. Prominent examples include L.A Ring and Theodor Philipsen. A count of SMK’s collection display in October 2023 shows that forty-seven pai', 80 => '', 81 => 'a href="javascript:void(0)" role="button" aria-pressed="false" aria-describedby="footnote-content-post_5277"', 82 => '4', 83 => '/a', 84 => '', 85 => '/sup', 86 => '', 87 => '/p', 88 => ' ', 89 => 'p', 90 => 'The works acquired for SMK during that period display far greater breadth than that, however. These depictions of cattle can give us an important indication of the changes in our outlook on the world; changes that took place when the development of industrialised agriculture gained momentum. The works offer an opportunity to explore what was at stake at a time when a specialised and professionalised approach to agriculture greatly changed our relationship to our surroundings and thus to the landscape. The a', 91 => '/p', 92 => ' ', 93 => 'p', 94 => 'In a time of climate and biodiversity crises when very few of us actively cultivate the land or interact with domestic animals, the question of how we meet this part of our history in museums matters. Inspired by the way in which Maria Puig de la Bellacasa, professor at the History of Consciousness Department at ', 95 => 'a href="https://humanities.ucsc.edu/academics/faculty/index.php?uid=mpuigdel"', 96 => 'UC Santa Cruz', 97 => '/a', 98 => ', engages with the notion of our environment as a multispecies community, I use cattle to pave the way for a new understanding of landscape painting, one which can reflect back on our understanding of the times in which we live.', 99 => '/p', 100 => ' ', 101 => 'p', 102 => 'At present, the UN, acting via The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), urges us to change the way we farm.', 103 => 'sup id="footnote-5" class="custom-footnotes-footnote" data-sup-reference="5" data-footnote-post-scope="post_5277" data-sup-value="The 2019 IPCC report emClimate Change and Land /emexamines the relationship between land use and anthropogenic climate change and points to how an estimated 23% of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions originate from agriculture, forestry and other land use (A.3.6). Conservation agriculture and other sustainable land management with its minimal tillage are highlighted as p', 104 => '', 105 => 'a href="javascript:void(0)" role="button" aria-pressed="false" aria-describedby="footnote-content-post_5277"', 106 => '5', 107 => '/a', 108 => '', 109 => '/sup', 110 => ' As regards Danish agriculture, the warnings particularly concern the problematic aspects of our large number of domestic animals and the extensive areas used for growing animal feed in the form of monocultures, an issue also pointed out by organisations such as The Danish Society for Nature Conservation.', 111 => 'sup id="footnote-6" class="custom-footnotes-footnote" data-sup-reference="6" data-footnote-post-scope="post_5277" data-sup-value="Rikke Lundsgaard et al.: emSådan ligger landet 2022. Tal om landbruget/em, Danmarks Naturfredningsforening and Dyrenes Beskyttelse 2022 (a href=https://www.dn.dk/om-os/publikationer/sadan-ligger-landet/ target=_blank rel=noopenerhttps://www.dn.dk/om-os/publikationer/sadan-ligger-landet//a)"', 112 => '', 113 => 'a href="javascript:void(0)" role="button" aria-pressed="false" aria-describedby="footnote-content-post_5277"', 114 => '6', 115 => '/a', 116 => '', 117 => '/sup', 118 => ' The Danish agricultural landscape has become political. This makes it all the more interesting to examine the role played by art in the period 1880 to 1900. When this type of agriculture became firmly established, artists not only supported the new order but also, in an activist-like manner, showed us what was going on.', 119 => '/p', 120 => ' ', 121 => 'h2', 122 => 'Between constructed and living landscapes', 123 => '/h2', 124 => ' ', 125 => 'p', 126 => 'Informed by the theoretical approaches of ecofeminism, New Materialism and posthumanism, Maria Puig de la Bellacasa points out that this outside world consists of ‘more-than-human worlds’. Here man is only one agent (or agency) among the many organisms, objects and physical forces which together create worlds. Every action and thought that takes place here is situated in a multiplicity of relationships and interactions. Here it is impossible to distinguish between man and nature and between the living a', 127 => 'sup id="footnote-7" class="custom-footnotes-footnote" data-sup-reference="7" data-footnote-post-scope="post_5277" data-sup-value="Maria Puig de la Bellacasa: emMatters of Care: Speculative Ethics in More than Human Worlds/em, University of Minnesota Press 2017, pp. 1–2, 69–70. Michael Marder and Giovanni Aloi, writing in the introduction to emVegetal Entwinements in Philosophy and Art. A /ememReader,/em MIT Press 2023, present one of the most recent succinct outlines of the field."', ...], $ihtml = 351 ) | .../Tag.php:243 |
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